Spousal Benefits: Applying For Social Security Benefits
Can your spouse collect on your social security if she reaches retirement age before you do? No. In order for a wife to collect Social Security benefits on her husband's income several conditions need to be met:
1. The spouse applying for the spousal benefit is required to be at least age 62
2. The husband will need to be eligible to receive benefits, so he must also be at least age 62. What's more, the husband will have to actually sign up for Social Security retirement benefits in order for his wife to receive benefits based on his income. The husband may then decide to delay collecting benefits. This course of action is referred to as "file and suspend".
To offer an example, if the wife is 62 and the husband is 61, the wife can begin receiving benefits calculated on her own earnings, but she is unable to collect based on her husband's income until he turns 62 and starts receiving his own benefits.
Having said that, if the wife is age 66 and the husband is 62, then the wife can start receiving based on her husband's income (remember, the husband will need to submit an application for benefits before the spouse can collect based upon his earnings).
In the instances shown above, the wife can begin receiving benefits based on her own income as early as age 62 (assuming she's got a minimum of forty quarters of earnings and also qualifies for benefits on her own), then she can switch to half of her husband's benefit when her husband qualifies for Social Security.
A few areas to give some thought to before applying for benefits:
If a wife applies for her Social Security spousal benefit calculated on her husband's earnings when she reaches full retirement age (age 66 for folks retiring now), then she will collect 50% of her husband's primary insurance amount (PIA). On the other hand, if she applies for her spousal benefit at age 62, then her benefit will be reduced to just 35% of her husband's PIA.
It does not benefit the spouse to wait until after reaching full retirement age to apply for benefits, as spousal benefits do not include delayed credits. Also, it doesn't benefit the wife if the husband waits to apply for benefits because she won't get any increase in benefits that he receives by waiting to receive benefits.
If a spouse gets to full retirement age and is qualified to receive the spousal benefit or her own benefit, she may start receiving the spousal benefit now and hold off taking her own benefit so she can accumulate delayed credits on her own benefit.
You can collect Social Security spousal benefits determined by an ex-spouse's earnings if you were married for not less than ten years and you are also currently unmarried. If you have more than one ex-spouse which you qualify regarding spousal benefits, you will get the largest benefit you are entitled to. One benefit that divorced spouses have over married spouses is that a divorced spouse doesn't have to wait around for a former husband to make an application for benefits as long as the pair has been divorced for not less than 2 yrs when she applies.
As a final point, the Social Security retirement program is gender neutral, so while this article assumes that the wife is generally the one applying for spousal benefits, if the wife earns more money than her husband, the husband can sign up for Social Security benefits based on his wife's earnings.
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